What the phrase allows
A spec names a maker and model, then adds the words or equal. Some specs say or approved equal. The named product sets the standard. Another product can be used if it meets that standard in the architect's judgment.
Or equal and or approved equal
The two phrases do not always mean the same thing. Or approved equal usually means you need the architect's approval. The spec says when: before the bid, or after award during submittals. Plain or equal can leave the timing open. The contract defines the terms. Look in the instructions to bidders and in Division 01.
What equal usually means
- The same function and performance.
- The same or better materials and construction.
- Dimensions that fit the space and the details as drawn.
- A similar appearance, where the product is visible.
- The same warranty and the same certifications or test standards.
A lower price does not make a product equal. A product that needs changes to other trades' work is often rejected.
Why public work often says or equal
Many public owners must allow competition among makers. Their specs name several makers or add or equal. The rules come from state and local procurement law, and they differ. A public owner can still require one product in some cases. Check the documents for the job.
How to bid it safely
- Read the manufacturers paragraph and the Division 01 product requirements.
- If approval is required before the bid, send the request by the deadline.
- Watch the addenda. Approved products are usually listed there.
- If you bid a product that is not yet approved, say so in your proposal.
- Keep data sheets that show a point by point comparison with the named product.
Suppose you bid an unapproved product and the architect rejects it. You can then owe the named product at your bid price.
Bid documents · Updated 11 Nov 2026